1985
1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year that started on a Tuesday, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.
Events
January
February
March
- March 3 – An 8.0 on the Richter magnitude scale earthquake hits Santiago and Valparaíso in Chile leaving 177 dead, 2,575 hurt, 142,489 destroyed houses and about a million people homeless.
- March 4 – The Food and Drug Administration approves a blood test for AIDS, used since then to screen all blood donations in the United States.
- March 8 – A Beirut car bomb, planted in an attempt to assassinate Islamic cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah, kills more than eighty people, injuring two hundred.
- March 11
- March 14 – Five lionesses at the Singapore Zoo are put on birth control after the lion population increases from two to sixteen.
- March 15 – Vice-President Jose Sarney takes the oath as the first civilian president of Brazil in 21 years, as the elected president Tancredo Neves had become severely ill on the day before.
- March 16 – Associated Press reporter Terry Anderson is taken hostage in Beirut (he is released on December 4, 1991).
- March 17 – Expo '85, a World's Fair, is held in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, until September 16.
- March 21 – Canadian paraplegic athlete and activist Rick Hansen sets out on his 40,000 km, 26 month Man in Motion tour which raises $26M for spinal cord research and quality of life initiatives.
- March 23 – OCAM dissolved.
- March 25 – The 57th Academy Awards are held at in Los Angeles, California with Amadeus winning Best Picture.
- March 31 – WrestleMania debuts at Madison Square Garden.
April
May
- May 4 – The 30th Eurovision Song Contest takes place in Gothenburg, Sweden. The winning song is La det swinge sung by Bobbysocks! (Norway).
- May 5 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan joins German Chancellor Helmut Kohl for a controversial funeral service at a cemetery in Bitburg, Germany, which includes the graves of 59 elite S.S. troops from World War II.
- May 11
- May 13 – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Mayor Wilson Goode orders police to storm the radical group MOVE's headquarters to end a stand-off. The police drop an explosive device into the headquarters, killing eleven MOVE members and destroying the homes of 61 city residents in the resulting fire.
- May 15 – An explosive device sent by the Unabomber injures John Hauser at University of California, Berkeley.
- May 16 – Scientists of the British Antarctic Survey announce discovery of the ozone hole.[2][3][4]
- May 19 – John Anthony Walker Jr., is arrested by the FBI for passing classified Naval communications to the Soviet Union.
- May 23 – Thomas Patrick Cavanaugh is sentenced to life in prison for attempting to sell stealth bomber secrets to the Soviet Union.
- May 25 – Bangladesh is hit by a tropical cyclone and storm surge, which kills approximately 10,000 people.
- May 29 – Heysel Disaster: 38 spectators are killed in rioting on the terraces during the European Cup final between Liverpool F.C. and Juventus at Heysel Stadium in Brussels, Belgium.
- May 31 – Forty-one tornadoes hit in Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and Ontario, killing 76.
June
- June 13 – In Auburn, Washington, police defuse a Unabomber bomb sent to Boeing.
- June 14
- June 17 – John Hendricks launches the Discovery Channel in the United States.
- June 23 – Air India Flight 182, a Boeing 747, blows up 31,000 feet (9,500 m) above the Atlantic Ocean, south of Ireland, killing all 329 aboard.
- June 24 – STS-51-G: Space Shuttle Discovery completes its mission, best remembered for having Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the first Arab and first Muslim in space, as a Payload Specialist.
- June 25 – Irish police foil a Provisional Irish Republican Army-sponsored 'mainland bombing campaign' which targeted luxury vacationing resorts.
- June 27 – U.S. Route 66 is officially decommissioned.
July
August
September
- September 1
- September 6 – Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105, a Douglas DC-9, crashes just after takeoff from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, killing 31.
- September 19 – An 8.1 Richter scale earthquake strikes Mexico City. Around 10,000 people are killed, 30,000 injured, and 95,000 left homeless.
- September 22 – The Plaza Accord is signed by five nations.
- September 23 – Italian crime reporter Giancarlo Siani is killed by Camorra.
- September 28 – Brixton race riots are sparked with the shooting of Dorothy 'Cherry' Groce by the Metropolitan Police in Brixton, an area of South London, England.
October
November
- November 5 – Mark Kaylor defeats Errol Christie to become the middleweight boxing champion, after the two brawl in front of the cameras at the weigh-in.
- November 12 – A total solar eclipse occurs over Antarctica at 14:11:22 UTC.
- November 13 – Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupts, killing an estimated 23,000 people, including 21,000 killed by lahars in the town of Armero, Colombia.
- November 18 – The comic strip Calvin and Hobbes debuts in 35 newspapers.
- November 19 – Cold War: In Geneva, U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet for the first time.
- November 20 – Microsoft Corporation releases the first version of Windows, Windows 1.0.
- November 23 – EgyptAir Flight 648 is hijacked by the Abu Nidal group and flown to Malta, where Egyptian commandos storm the plane; 60 are killed by gunfire and explosions.
- November 25 – “Aeroflot” Antonov AN-12 cargo airplane in route from Cuito Cuanavale to Luanda was shot down by South African Special Forces and crashed approximately 43 km of Menongue, the provincial center of the Cuando Cubango province, Angola, killing 8 crew members and 13 passengers on board.
- November 26 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan sells the rights to his autobiography to Random House for a record US$3 million.
- November 29 – Gerard Hoarau, exiled political leader from the Seychelles, is assassinated in London.
December
Date unknown
World population
| World population |
|
1985 |
1980 |
1990 |
| World |
4,830,979,000 |
4,434,682,000 |
396,297,000 |
5,263,593,000 |
432,614,000 |
| Africa |
541,814,000 |
469,618,000 |
72,196,000 |
622,443,000 |
80,629,000 |
| Asia |
2,887,552,000 |
2,632,335,000 |
255,217,000 |
3,167,807,000 |
280,255,000 |
| Europe |
706,009,000 |
692,431,000 |
13,578,000 |
721,582,000 |
15,573,000 |
| Latin America |
401,469,000 |
361,401,000 |
40,068,000 |
441,525,000 |
40,056,000 |
| Northern America |
269,456,000 |
256,068,000 |
13,388,000 |
283,549,000 |
14,093,000 |
| Oceania |
24,678,000 |
22,828,000 |
1,850,000 |
26,687,000 |
2,009,000 |
Births
January
February
March
- March 2 – Reggie Bush, American football player
- March 3
- March 4
- March 8 – Ewa Sonnet, Polish model
- March 9 – Brent Burns, Canadian hockey player
- March 10
- March 11
- March 12
- March 13 – Emile Hirsch, American actor
- March 14 – Eva Angelina, American pornographic actress
- March 15
- March 18 – Bianca King, Filipina-Canadian actress & model
- March 19 – E. J. Viso, Venezuelan race car driver
- March 21
- March 22 – Luke Dormehl, British writer and filmmaker
- March 24 – Haruka Ayase, Japanese actress and model
- March 25 – Carmen Rasmusen, American singer
- March 26
- March 27
- March 28 – Sauli Koskinen, Finnish reality-television star, radio personality and entertainment reporter
- March 31 – Jessica Szohr, American actress
April
- April 1 – Josh Zuckerman, American actor
- April 3 – Leona Lewis, English singer
- April 7 – KC Concepcion, Filipina actress and singer
- April 9 – Tomohisa Yamashita, Japanese singer and actor
- April 10
- April 12 – Hitomi Yoshizawa, Japanese singer and actor
- April 15 – Amy Reid, German pornographic actress
- April 16 – Benjamin Rojas, Argentine singer
- April 17
- April 18
- April 22 – Camille Lacourt, French swimmer
- April 23 – Angel Locsin, Filipina actress
- April 26 – Nam Gyu-Ri, Korean singer, former member of See Ya
- April 28 – Brandon Baker, American actor
- April 30 – Ashley Alexandra Dupree, American prostitute, R & B singer-songwriter
May
June
July
- July 2 – Ashley Tisdale, American actress and singer
- July 3 – Minami Keisuke, Japanese singer and actor
- July 5
- July 7 – Seo Woo, Korean actress
- July 9
- July 10
- July 11
- July 12 – Emil Hegle Svendsen, Norwegian biathlete
- July 13 – Guillermo Ochoa, Mexican footballer
- July 15 – Chris Tiu, Filipino professional basketball player, TV host, commercial model, and politician
- July 16 – Denis Tahirović, Croatian footballer
- July 17 – Tom Fletcher, British musician (McFly)
- July 18 – Chace Crawford, American actor
- July 20
- July 21 – Vanessa Lengies, Canadian actress
- July 22 – Takudzwa Ngwenya, American rugby union player
- July 23
- July 24 – Teagan Presley, American porn star
- July 25
- July 27 – Lou Taylor Pucci, American actor
- July 28 – Dustin Milligan, Canadian actor
August
- August 2 – Britt Nicole (Brittany Nicole Waddell), Christian rock artist.
- August 3 – Sonny Bill Williams, Rugby League player
- August 5 – Salomon Kalou, Ivory Coast footballer
- August 9
- August 10 – Jared Nathan, American actor (d. 2006)
- August 11 – Asher Roth, American rapper
- August 14 – Ashlynn Brooke, American pornographic actress
- August 16 – Agnes Bruckner, American actress
- August 21 – Melissa M, French singer
- August 25 – Wynter Gordon, American pop/dance singer-songwriter
- August 27
- August 29 – Jeffrey Licon, American actor
- August 30
September
- September 2
- September 3 – Dominick Cruz, WEC Bantamweight Champion
- September 5 – Dilshad Vadsaria, American television actress
- September 7 – Alyssa Diaz, American actress
- September 8 – Denny Morrison, Canadian speed skater
- September 10 – Elyse Levesque, Canadian film and television actress
- September 11 – Jake Cole, English footballer
- September 13 – Emi Suzuki, Chinese-born Japanese female model
- September 14 – Aya Ueto, Japanese actress
- September 16
- September 17
- September 21 – Maryam Hassouni, Dutch actress
- September 23 – Maki Goto, Japanese singer and actress
- September 24
- September 25 – Calvin Johnson, American football player
- September 28 – Shindong, Korean singer (Super Junior)
- September 29 – Dani Pedrosa, Spanish motorcycle racer
- September 30 – T-Pain, American singer-songwriter, rapper, record producer, and actor
October
- October 1 – Tirunesh Dibaba, Ethiopian long distance runner
- October 3 – Courtney Lee, American basketball player
- October 5
- October 7 – Evan Longoria, American professional baseball player
- October 8
- October 10
- October 11 – Michelle Trachtenberg, American actress
- October 14
- October 16 – Casey Stoner, Australian motorcycle racer
- October 17 – Stephanie McIntosh, Irish-Anglo film actor and model
- October 18 – Lindsey Kildow, American alpine skier
- October 20 – Jennifer Freeman, American actress
- October 22 – Zac Hanson, American musician
- October 23 – Masiela Lusha, American author, actress
- October 24 – Wayne Rooney, English footballer
- October 25
- October 26
- October 27 – Troian Bellisario, American actress
November
- November 3 – Tyler Hansbrough, American basketball player
- November 4 – Gillian Zinser, American actress
- November 5
- November 8 – Jack Osbourne, English television personality
- November 10
- November 11
- November 13 – Simo-Pekka Olli, Finnish volleyball player
- November 20 – Dan Byrd, American actor
- November 22 – Asamoah Gyan, Ghanaian football player
- November 23 – Ahn Hyun-Soo, South Korean short track skater
- November 25 – Marcus Hellner, Swedish cross-country skier
- November 27 – Alison Pill, Canadian actress
- November 28
- November 30 – Kaley Cuoco, American actress
December
Deaths
January
February
- February 4 – Jesse Hibbs, American film director (b. 1906)
- February 6 – Neil McCarthy, British actor (b. 1932)
- February 8 – Marvin Miller, American actor (b. 1913)
- February 11 – Henry Hathaway, American film director (b. 1898)
- February 12 – Nicholas Colasanto, American actor (b. 1924)
- February 18 – Randolph E. Haugan, American author, editor and publisher (b. 1902)
- February 20 – Clarence Nash, American actor (b. 1905)
- February 21
- February 22 – Efrem Zimbalist, Russia-born Jewish American violinist (b. 1890)
- February 26 – Tjalling Koopmans, Dutch economist, Nobel Prize laureates (b. 1910)
- February 27
March
April
- April 7 – Carl Schmitt, German jurist, political theorist, and professor of law (b. 1888)
- April 8 – J. Fred Coots, American songwriter (b. 1897)
- April 10 – Vladimir Jankélévitch, French philosopher (b. 1903)
- April 11 – Enver Hoxha, Albanian head of state (b. 1908)
- April 14 – Noele Gordon, British actress (b. 1919)
- April 15 – Jack Medica, American Olympic swimmer (b. 1914)
- April 16 – Scott Brady, American actor (b. 1924)
- April 17 – Evadne Price (aka Helen Zenna Smith), British writer (b. 1896)
- April 21 – Tancredo Neves, Brazilian elected president (b. 1910)
- April 22 – Paul H. Emmett, American chemical engineer (b. 1900)
- April 23 – Kent Smith, American actor (b. 1907)
- April 25 – Richard Haydn, English actor (b. 1905)
- April 26 – Albert Maltz, American screenwriter, one of the Hollywood Ten (b. 1908)
May
- May 1 – Denise Robins, (aka Francesca Wright, Ashley French, Harriet Gray, Julia Kane) British romance novelist (b. 1897)
- May 4 – Clarence Wiseman, the 10th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1907)
- May 5 – Sir Donald Bailey, British civil engineer (b. 1901)
- May 6
- May 7 – Dawn Addams, British actress (b. 1930)
- May 8
- May 9 – Edmond O'Brien, American actor (b. 1915)
- May 10 – Chester Gould, American cartoonist (b. 1900)
- May 12 – Jean Dubuffet, French artist (b. 1901)
- May 13
- May 15 – Emerson Spencer, American athlete (b. 1906)
- May 16 – Margaret Hamilton, American actress (b. 1902)
- May 17 – Abe Burrows, American songwriter, composer, and writer (b. 1910)
- May 18 – Hedley Bull, Australian professor (b. 1932)
- May 19 – Tapio Wirkkala, Finnish designer (b. 1915)
- May 22 – Wolfgang Reitherman, American animator (b. 1909)
- May 30 – George K. Arthur, English actor and producer (b. 1899)
June
July
- July 2 – David Purley, British race car driver (b. 1945)
- July 8
- July 9 – Jimmy Kinnon, Scottish founder of Narcotics Anonymous (b. 1911)
- July 16 – Heinrich Böll, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
- July 17 – Margo, Mexican-American actress (b. 1917)
- July 19
- July 21 – Alvah Cecil Bessie, American screenwriter, one of the Hollywood Ten (b. 1904)
- July 22 – Matti Järvinen, Finnish athlete (b. 1909)
- July 23
- July 25 – Grant Williams, American actor (b. 1931)
- July 27 – John Scarne, American magician and card expert (b. 1903)
August
- August 1 – Helene Engelmann, Austrian figure skater (b. 1898)
- August 2 – Frank Faylen, American actor (b. 1905)
- August 6 – Forbes Burnham, President of Guyana (b. 1923)
- August 8 – Louise Brooks, American actress (b. 1906)
- August 10 – Kenny Baker, American actor and singer (b. 1912)
- August 12
- August 14 – Gale Sondergaard, American actor (b. 1899)
- August 15 – Lester Cole, American screenwriter, one of the Hollywood Ten (b. 1904)
- August 22 – Paul Peter Ewald, German-born American crystallographer and physicist (b. 1888)
- August 24 – Morrie Ryskind, American dramatist (b. 1895)
- August 25 – Samantha Smith, American schoolgirl activist (b. 1972)
- August 28 – Ruth Gordon, American actress (b. 1896)
- August 29 – Evelyn Ankers, British actress (b. 1918)
- August 30 – Taylor Caldwell, Anglo-American writer (b. 1900)
- August 31 – Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1899)
September
- September 1 – Stefan Bellof, race car driver and 1984 World SportsCars (Group C) Champion (b. 1957)
- September 4
- September 6
- September 7 – Rodney Robert Porter, English biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1917)
- September 8 – John Franklin Enders, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1887)
- September 9 – Paul Flory, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
- September 10
- September 11
- September 14 – Julian Beck, American actor (b. 1925)
- September 17 – Laura Ashley, Welsh designer (b. 1925)
- September 19 – Italo Calvino, Italian writer (b. 1923)
- September 27 – Lloyd Nolan, American actor (b. 1902)
- September 30
October
- October 1 – E.B. White, American writer (b. 1899)
- October 2
- October 6 – John W. Snyder, American businessman and Cabinet Secretary (b. 1895)
- October 8 – Nelson Riddle, American bandleader (b. 1921)
- October 10
- October 12
- October 14 – Emil Gilels, Soviet pianist (b. 1916)
- October 21 – Masuiyama Daishiro I, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1919)
- October 22 – Thomas Townsend Brown, American scientist (b. 1905)
- October 24 – Laszlo Biro, Hungarian inventor of the ballpoint pen (b. 1899)
- October 25 – Morton Downey, American singer (b. 1901)
- October 29 – John Davis Lodge, American actor and politician (b. 1903)
- October 31 – Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor (b. 1913)
November
December
- December 6 – Burr Tillstrom, American puppeteer (b. 1917)
- December 7
- December 8 – Ma Jir Bo, Chinese Realism oil painter (b. 1927)
- December 12
- December 13 – Paul Caraway, American general and High Commissioner (b. 1905)
- December 14 – Roger Maris, American baseball player (b. 1934)
- December 15 – Carlos Romulo, Filipino diplomat (b. 1899)
- December 16 – Paul Castellano, Italian-American Mafia boss (b. 1915)
- December 21 – Kamatari Fujiwara, Japanese actor (b. 1905)
- December 22 – D. Boon, American singer and guitarist (b. 1958)
- December 23
- December 24
- December 26 – Dian Fossey, American biologist (b. 1932)
- December 27 – Harry Hopman, Australian tennis player and coach (b. 1906)
- December 31
Date unknown
Nobel Prizes
Templeton Prize
Right Livelihood Award
References
- ^ Kifner, John (1985-02-15). "U.S. TV Reporter Free In Lebanon". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/15/world/us-tv-reporter-free-in-lebanon.html?scp=16&sq=%22Jeremy%20Levin%20%22&st=cse. Retrieved 2009-10-15.
- ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ Farman, J. C.; Gardiner, B. G.; Shanklin, J. D. (1985). "Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction". Nature 315 (6016): 207–10. Bibcode 1985Natur.315..207F. doi:10.1038/315207a0. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v315/n6016/pdf/315207a0.pdf.
- ^ Zehr, Stephen C. (1994). "Accounting for the Ozone Hole: Scientific Representations of an Anomaly and Prior Incorrect Claims in Public Settings". The Sociological Quarterly 35: 603–19. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1994.tb00419.x. JSTOR 4121521.
- ^ Alfred, Randy (2008-02-09). "Sept. 2, 1985: Hey, Everyone, We Found the Titanic". Wired. http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/09/dayintech_0902. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
- ^ Ballard, Robert D. (December 1985). "How We Found the Titanic". National Geographic 168 (6): 696–718.
- ^ Gaines, Larry; Miller, LeRoy (2006). Criminal Justice In Action: The Core. Thomson/Wadsworth. ISBN 0-495-00305-0.